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Free industrial recipes of adhesives and sealants

Liquid glue, glue for plaster molds, cardboard, paper and for gallantry, label glue and much more...

By adhesives we mean gummy or gelatinous substances that serve to bond two surfaces together. Usually they are substances that swell in water and harden again after the water has evaporated; the typical example of this is the common wood glue.

Another class of adhesives softens or melts in the heat and, after setting by cooling, bonds the surfaces to be glued together; this includes, for example, shellac.

Modern adhesives often belong to the group in which the water is replaced by an organic solvent. As an example, one can take the rubber solution and the celluloid glue.

The composition of the adhesives can generally be varied indefinitely. Each recipe must be adapted to the purpose for which it is used. Especially with regard to consistency, even the person of the processor plays a major role; the recipes must therefore always be tailored to the specific purpose. For example, an adhesive that works well for sticking shoe boxes can be completely unusable for sticking cardboard packaging for foodstuffs due to an unpleasant odor.

The surfaces to be bonded must always be clean. The adhesive is applied in a thin layer. If the substances to be bonded are porous, the pores must first be closed with a thin adhesive solution.

Dissolving casein

For a normal thick solution, take about 3 liters of water per kg of casein. The water is put cold in an enameled pan and the dry casein is added, stirring well; no lumps should form.
After this, 60 g of strong ammonia (spirit of salmiak) is added per kg of casein and the pan is now placed in a second larger pan filled with hot water (or on a water bath). The casein solution is now slowly heated to 70'8451; heated, which takes about half an hour. Too high a temperature should be avoided as the solution will become too dark in this case. After the casein has completely dissolved, you can dilute with warm water to the desired consistency. The glue obtained can be used just like normal wood glue, both hot and cold.

Casein can also be dissolved with borax. To do this, in the same order as with ammonia, mix 1 kg of casein with 4 to 6 l of cold water, add 150 g of borax and stir cold until the casein begins to soften: this takes about 15 minutes. After this, the mixture is again placed on or in a water bath, stirring well, at 70 &8451; heated until the solution is completely clear.

If one wants to make the casein solution very thin, part of the ammonia or borax is replaced by trisodium phosphate. Since the casein solution is perishable, it is recommended to preserve the solution with 2% sodium benzoic acid or salicylic acid or 0.5% carbolic acid.

Note: Casein must not come into contact with copper.

Casein is an animal protein found in milk and sports nutrition.

caseine

Using wood glue or bone glue.

To make a good glue solution, it is necessary to let the glue swell well in water before heating. With thick table glue, this can take up to two days. Nowadays, ground glue is also commercially available, which absorbs enough water in a few hours to be dissolved by heating.

After the glue has absorbed enough water, it is liquefied by placing it in a container of hot water; the temperature should not exceed 70'. Higher temperatures and prolonged heating should be avoided, as the water then acts on the adhesive and products are formed by so-called hydrolysis with a very low adhesive force.

Liquefaction of the glue is best done in a glue pot specially made for this purpose, the inner pot of which is tinned, while the outer pot, in which the hot water comes, can consist of any material.

When gluing with this normal wood glue, it must be ensured that the surfaces to be glued are made so hot that the glue does not solidify on them before the surfaces are firmly pressed together. The best adhesives must be used to deliver good work.

For gluing thin veneer, a glue with a high viscosity is used, which means a glue that already gives a viscous solution in a low concentration. A solution that is too thin has a tendency to come through the thin layer of wood to the outside and spoil the beautiful surface of the veneer.

beenderlijm

Liquid glue

Bone glue 46,7 dl
Water 46,7 dl
Sodium nitrate 6,6 dl

The sodium nitrate (Chili saltpeter) is dissolved in cold water. The glue (finely ground) is soaked in this solution for two hours and then melted on a water bath at 60-70℃. After this, the mixture is kept at the specified temperature until the glue remains liquid after cooling to room temperature; this process takes several hours. Finally, one preserves with a few tenths of a percentage of carbolic acid or salicylic acid.

Glue composition for plaster molds

Wood glue in powder 1 dl
Glycerin 1,5 dl
Water 1 dl
Sugar 0,5 dl
Fine quartz powder 1 dl

Glue for a carton pasting machine

Wood glue 175 dl
Glycerin 10 dl
Water 175 dl of meer
Betanaphtol 0,5 dl
Terpineol 0,5 dl

Glue for carton

Properly dissolve 14 dl of good bone glue in 26 dl of water.
To this is added 1 dl of a 12% solution of shellac in spirit.
In addition, 0.5 dl dextrin is dissolved in 7 dl alcohol and 3.5 dl water, this solution is heated and mixed with the adhesive solution.
The adhesive solidifies on cooling and must be melted before use.

Elastic paper glue

Bone glue 45 dl
Glycerin 15 dl
Water 39 dl
Carbolic acid 1 dl

The glue is dissolved in the usual way. At 60℃, the glycerine is then added and finally the preservative, e.g. carbolic acid or p-oxybensoic acid ester.

Glue for household items

100 dl of good clear glue is dissolved in 200 dl of water.
To this is added a solution of 2 dl bleached shellac in 10 dl alcohol, stir until the two solutions have mixed well and do not allow the temperature to rise above 50℃.

Hectograph mass

Dissolve 1 dl of good glue in as little water as possible, then add 1 dl of glycerin and pour this into the appropriate device.
When the mass has become too thin, part of the water is allowed to evaporate at a low temperature while stirring well.

Label glue

Ordinary wood glue is dissolved in 15 percent acetic acid and boiled for a moment. You can also add some starch.

Label glue for the machine

To a 10-pc wood glue solution, 2.5% dextrin is added on the whole amount. It is heated with good stirring until the dextrin has dissolved and then 3% linseed oil and 3% turpentine oil are added. The adhesive is not affected by moisture and adheres to metal.

Starch paste
(cooked starch)

4 dl wheat starch is stirred into a thin paste with 8 dl cold water.
This paste is then poured into 64 dl boiling water and stirred until the mixture becomes translucent.
The amount of water to be used depends on the type of starch and the consistency desired for the particular purpose.

Elastic starch paste

First you boil 8 dl of starch with 100 dl of water in the usual way,
then add 4 dl of ammonia solution, which increases the adhesive strength,
finally 1 dl glycerin.

Glue for cellophane

Arabic gom 17,5 dl
Water 52,5 dl
Glycerin 30 dl
Formaldehyde 0,05 dl
 or:
Bone glue 40 dl
Water 40 dl
Glycol Bori Borate 20 dl

Albumin glue

Blood albumin (90% soluble) 100 dl
Water 170 dl
Ammonia (s.g. 0,90) 4 dl
Slaked lime 3 dl
Water 10 dl

The dry blood albumin is first stirred with most of the water, after which the mixture is allowed to stand for several hours. The soaked albumin is now stirred until dissolved, after which the ammonia is added with slow and careful stirring. Stirring too quickly causes the mass to foam. The lime is now stirred with a little water to form a thin milk of lime and carefully added to the albumin solution; after this the mixture is stirred for a few more minutes. One should not add too much lime as the glue then solidifies into a jelly-like mass. With the correct proportions, the glue remains usable for several hours. The correct ratio of albumin to water must be determined by a small test, as the viscosity of the glue must be adapted to the purpose and since the properties of albumin are not always the same.

A very good glue is also obtained by adding a quantity of paraformaldehyde. On 100 dl of blood albumin one takes as much water as necessary (140 to 200 dl), 5½ dl of ammonia (0.90) and 15 dl of paraformaldehyde. The albumin is dissolved just as before; only then is the paraformaldehyde added, neither too quickly nor too slowly. The mixture becomes thicker and thicker and it must be ensured that the entire amount of paraformaldehyde has been added before the solution solidifies or gelatinizes. At this stage, it is difficult or impossible to stir the adhesive. However, the thickened mass becomes liquid after about an hour and then has the right consistency. In this state the glue remains for about 8 hours. When the glue now solidifies again, it is insoluble and otherwise unusable.

This glue can also be completely processed cold. It is better to compress the workpieces hot. This glue is often used in the construction of aircraft, where the highest demands are made, as it is also no longer sensitive to moisture.

ei-albuminepoeder
egg albumin powder
Albumin is a protein and is also found in eggs, for example.
Lockheed-Constellation
Glue is also used in airplanes

Wood glue with starch

Wheat starch 30 dl
Bone glue 10 dl
Water 60 dl

The starch and the glue are first dissolved separately in the manner indicated earlier and then mixed. Before use, add as much water as desired.

Liquid gum

Mix 75 dl good arabic gum with 200 dl water and heat the mixture to 70℃ until everything is dissolved.
After this, 6 dl of carbolic acid and 1 dl of clove oil are added and filtered through muslin.
Further water as much as necessary.

Envelopes gum

Gum arabic 1 dl
Starch 1 dl
Sugar 1 dl

Dissolve in as much water as needed.

The gum arabic is first dissolved in water, then the sugar is added and finally the starch is stirred into the solution until it is lump-free. With good stirring, the mixture is then boiled until the starch has dissolved and then diluted with warm water.

Photo adhesive

White potato dextrin 15 dl
Water 15 dl
Glycerin 2 dl
Formaldehyde (40%) 0,15 dl
Sassefras oil 0,15 dl

The dextrin is first mixed with part of the water until all lumps have disappeared. After this, the rest of the water is added, boiled briefly, allowed to cool and finally the other ingredients are added.

Adhesive Paste

White dextrin 450 g
Gum arabic 30 g
Water 500 g
Acetic acid 20 g
Wintergreen oil 1 g
Cinnamon oil 1 g
Salicylic acid 2 g

The dextrin and the finely powdered gum arabic are first dissolved in water, then the salicylic acid is added. The mixture is now heated until the mass starts to become pasty. However, she is not allowed to cook; the heating is therefore best done in a second pan with hot water. After about a quarter of an hour, the acetic acid is gradually added while stirring well. The mass then becomes pearly; then, without cooling, the perfumes are stirred into the paste.

Adhesive paste for libraries

Tragacanth 20 dl
White dextrin 10 dl
Wheat flour 60 dl
Glycerin 10 dl
Cold water 40 dl
Salicylic acid 3 dl
Boiling water 400 dl

Tragacanth in powder is first mixed with 160 dl hot water and stirred well. After this, the dextrin and the flour are mixed with the cold water and poured into the tragacanth solution. While stirring well, the rest of the boiling water is now added to the mixture, the glycerine and the salicylic acid are added and the mixture continues to boil for 5 to 6 minutes, stirring well.

Jeweler's sealant

Dissolve on a water bath (Au bain-marie) 25 dl isinglass in as little as possible 40% alcohol, then add 2 dl gum ammoniacum.
In addition, 1 dl of mastic is dissolved in 5 dl of diluted alcohol and both solutions are mixed.
The glue should be stored in tightly closed bottles.

Cast iron sealant

Iron filings 128 dl
Cast 20 dl
Chalk 8 dl
Gum arabic 8 dl
Carbon black 1 dl
Cement 4 dl

The mixture is mixed with water shortly before use.

Sealant for sealing cracks in floors

Cast 32 dl
Quartz flour 200 dl
Yellow dextrin 33 dl

Mix with water to a stiff paste shortly before use.

Glue for greaseproof paper

A 20 procents hide glue solution is mixed with 25 g of potassium bichromate.
The paper to be prepared is soaked in the warm solution and the paper is quickly dried in the light. The paper must be exposed to light until the color of light yellow has turned completely brown.
After this, the chromate is boiled out with a 2 procents alum solution.

Wallpaper paste

Rice flour 4 dl
Chalk (very fine) 2 dl
Casein 1 dl
Alum (in powder) 0,5 dl

The mixture can be stirred directly with hot water into a usable paste. It is better to dissolve the casein with a little ammonia as previously indicated and mix this solution with the cooked rice flour porridge.

Furthermore, a porridge made from pure wheat flour is very useful. To do this, mix the wheat flour with cold water into a thin paste and pour this mixture into a sufficient amount of boiling water, just as with starch.

Furniture glue

Skin Glue 450 dl
Lead white 15 dl
Powder Chalk 100 dl
Salicylic Acid Sodium 5 dl
Water 1000 dl

Cabinet maker's glue

Skin Glue 175 dl
Glycerin 10 dl
Betanaphtol 0.5 dl
Terpineol 0.5 dl
Water as needed

Casein glue for wood

Finely ground casein 12 dl
Quicklime 8 dl
Baryt (grinded) 4 dl

Mix the ingredients well and store dry, mix with water before use. The glue dries in 24 hours. For improvement, a few percent of sodium phosphate can be added.

meubelmaker

Ebonite glue

Ebonite can be glued with a mixture of 1 dl gutta-percha and 2 dl coal tar pitch, which are carefully melted together beforehand.
The fracture surfaces must first be degreased with gasoline and must be pressed against each other until they have cooled.

Adhesive wax [1]

Colophonium 100 dl
Talc 16 dl
Lanolin 60 dl
Paraffin 8 dl
Saponified wax 2 dl

Adhesive wax [2]

Colophonium 100 dl
Paraffin 10 dl
Thin lubricating oil 88 dl
 or:
Dammar resin 70 dl
Bee resin 40 dl
Earth paint 5 dl

Marble sealant [1]

Chalk white 100 dl
Water glass 25 dl
 or:
Fatty acid aluminum is stirred into a stiff paste with boiled linseed oil.
 or:
Portland cement 12 dl
Slaked lime 6 dl
Quartz powder 5 dl
Kieselguhr 1 dl
Stir with soda water glass solution.

Marble sealant [2]

Carnaubawas 63 dl
Dammar resin 37 dl

Melt together, heat the marble before gluing and liquefy the wax-resin mixture.

Celluloid adhesive lacquer

Film waste 50 dl
Nitrocellulose 23 dl
Rosin ester 9 dl
Castor oil 18 dl

A mixture, which is composed according to this ratio, is dissolved in a mixture of solvents that consists, for example, of: 5 dl butyl acetate, 20 dl alcohol, 25 dl ethyl acetate and 50 dl benzol.
The consistency must be paste fabrics can be adjusted. If they absorb the adhesive too much, the pores must first be sealed with a diluted solution.

movie-celluloid

Marine glue

For waterproof bonding.
ship

10 parts of unvulcanized rubber (crepe) is dissolved in about 120 parts of benzole, turpentine oil, thin coal tar, heavy gasoline or mixtures thereof.
Then 20 dl asphalt or 10 dl asphalt and 8 dl shellac are added and the mixture is carefully heated on a water bath until homogeneous (combustible, avoid open flames).
The adhesive solidifies after cooling and must be melted carefully before use.
The marine glue adheres a large number of fabrics completely waterproof and can be used anywhere where the dark color does not hinder.

Iron sealant

1 part of zinc oxide and 1 part of brownstone powder are mixed and this mixture is stirred with a solution of potassium water glass to form a thin slurry.
The sealant should be used immediately.

Putty

Chalk white 85 dl
Unboiled linseed oil 15 dl

Optionally, part of the unboiled linseed oil can be replaced by cooked. As a result, the putty dries faster, but does not harden as much.
A putty hardens very quickly when part of the white chalk is replaced by litharge:

chalk white 450 dl
Lit lead 36 dl
Boiled linseed oil 80 dl
Siccative 18 dl

For installing glass in metal, usually iron, rebates, a putty is made from litharge or red red lead (part of which can be replaced by slaked lime to lower the price) and boiled linseed oil.
A putty for sculptors one makes by replacing part of the chalk white with fuller's earth in ordinary putty, e.g.:

Boiled linseed oil 15 dl
Fuller's Earth 15 dl
Chalk white 70 dl

Putty that remains elastic is made by mixing ground bituminous limestone with 8 to 12% bitumen with boiled linseed oil. This sealant also tolerates all weather conditions.


Sealant for metal on glass

Recipe no. 1
Copal lacquer 1 dl
Linseed oil 2,5 dl
Lead white in oil 1 dl
Lead red 1 dl
Mix shortly before use.

Recipe no. 2
First, a mixture of equal parts by weight of cement and litharge is made. This mixture is then stirred with half the volume of glycerin and kneaded well.

Recipe no. 3
Sodium hydroxide 1 dl
Colophonium 3 dl
Water 5 dl
Boil until an even resin-soap solution is formed.
Then mix with:
Cast 3 dl

Quick-drying insulating adhesive lacquer

Alkyd resin 11-20 dl
35 pcs nitrocellulose solution 64-73 dl
Tricresyl Phosphate 4-8 dl
Solvent 11-21 dl

Colored wax

Carnauba wax 16 dl
Paraffin 8 dl
Colophonium 8 dl
Pigment 6 dl

Such wax is used to invisibly fill small holes in wood. To this end, dry paint is added in such a way that the wax acquires exactly the color of the wood. For mahogany wood, for example, one takes iron oxide red, for brown oak wood an ocher mixture.

Synthetic resin adhesives

Synthetic resin on synthetic resin is glued with a thick solution of a phenol-formaldehyde resin such as Bakelite or Albertol.
For bonding synthetic resin to metal, the synthetic resin solution is thickened with marble dust or feldspar powder.
Synthetic resin on glass and porcelain is glued with a mixture of 2 dl thick synthetic resin solution in alcohol and 1 dl thick shellac solution. With this solution you can firmly connect most fabrics with synthetic resin. In all cases it is good to heat the adhesive seam for some time at temperatures above 100℃.
kunsthars

Leather glue

Carbon dioxide 10 dl
Caoutchouc (crepe) 1,5 dl
Venetian turpentine 1 dl
 or:

A highly concentrated solution of celluloid in acetone. Add about 20% of a 15 pct solution of thick turpentine in benzene.

Leather glue for shoes

Nitrocellulose solution 200 dl
Amyl acetate 15 dl
Amyl alcohol 15 dl
Colophonium 10 dl
Camphor 5 dl
Venetian turpentine 15 dl
Linseed oil 20 dl

Linoleum glue

Shellac 14 dl
Manila Copal 14 dl
Colophonium 48 dl
Boiled linseed oil 5 dl
Spirit 19 dl
Chalk or zinc white 10-20 dl

The ratio of the manillacopal to the colophonium can be changed. The copal makes the sealant more expensive and better.

Silk stockings repair

Silk stockings can be repaired almost invisibly very quickly with the help of a caoutchouc adhesive. For this purpose, pure white raw rubber is allowed to swell in dichloroethylene and then diluted to a soft ointment-like paste.
With this paste you cover a piece of fabric of exactly the same color, place it on the hole and smooth the fabric with a hot iron. The solvent evaporates almost immediately.
The stockings can then be washed with warm water.
pin-up-girl

Mowilith adhesive.

An adhesive that can be used to stick almost anything, consists of a thick solution of polymerized vinyl compounds in solvents such as ethyl acetate and other esters. With this solution you can, for example, attach fabric or felt to almost all metals.

In addition to this synthetic resin, which is marketed under the name Mowilith, excellent adhesives can also be made with the acronals, also highly polymerized organic compounds.

In general, modern synthetic resins and synthetic lacquers have excellent adhesive properties and still offer great possibilities here. They are sometimes still too expensive for daily use.

In certain cases, eg in the plywood and plywood industry, the use of a synthetic resin as an adhesive offers enormous advantages. After all, only with this it is possible to obtain a glue seam that is absolutely waterproof.

Ethyl cellulose adhesives

First, a solution of ethyl cellulose is made:
Ethyl cellulose 10 dl
Ethyl alcohol 80 dl
Acetone 10 dl
Butanol 10 dl
Toluol 25 dl
In addition, rosin ester is melted together with plasticizing agent, e.g.:
Rosin ester 60 dl
Dammar (wax free) 20 dl
Dibutyl phthalate 20 dl
Now enough of the two solutions is mixed until an adhesive with the desired properties is obtained.

The proportions can be varied widely and it is finally possible to make mixtures completely without solvent, which have to be applied in a molten state. The adhesive strength is then exceptionally high, even in the cold, and remains for a long time. A melting sealant must contain at least 8% ethyl cellulose.

These ethyl cellulose adhesives are suitable for bonding cellophane to paper, to sheet metal, with ethyl cellulose, for sheet metal to paper, paper to paper and fabric to fabric.


Casein wood glue

Casein 70 dl
Marble lime hydrate 20 dl
Trisodium Phosphate 7 dl
Fluorine Sodium 3 dl
 or:
Casein 10 dl
Marble lime hydrate 2-8 dl
The first glue becomes liquid more quickly after mixing with water and is ready for use, the second glue is more waterproof.

Oil-resistant sealant

Portland cement 100 dl
Stone flour 25 dl
Casein 30 dl
Mix with water shortly before use. The sealant hardens slowly, but acquires a very high strength.

Envelope eraser

Potato flour 13 dl
Water 80 dl
Caustic soda 37° Bé 3 dl
Nitric acid 24° Bé 3 dl
Formalin 1 dl
Gelatin 3 dl
White syrup 2 dl
Water 10 dl
The potato flour is heated on a water bath with the water and the lye until it is completely dissolved, after which it is neutralized with nitric acid. In addition, the gelatin and the white syrup are dissolved in water and added to the starch solution.

Isinglass

Fish waste, especially skin 1000 dl
Water 1000 dl
Acetic acid 25% 2 dl
The waste is first washed in running water for several hours, then poured over with the water and the acid and heated to 74℃ with steam. After a few hours the solution is poured off and the residue is pressed off. This remainder is treated in the same way. The two filtrates are evaporated together until the solution contains 45% dry matter.

The isinglass obtained is slightly dark. By adding 0.35 dl sodium bisulphite to the dissolving water, the glue becomes lighter in color, but the quality is not improved.

The adhesive is preserved with 1% boric acid and a little methyl salicylate.

The residues are finely ground and dried and marketed as fish flour.

vioolbouw
Isinglass is used by violin makers, among others

Universal adhesive

a. Polyvinyl acetate,

 highly viscous 6 dl

Polyvinyl acetate,

 medium viscous 6 dl

Ethyl acetate 75 dl

Methyl alcohol 5 dl

Water 8 dl
The polyvinyl acetate is first dissolved in the solvent, then the alcohol and finally the water are added.
b. Celluloid 10 dl

Polyvinyl acetate, soft 5 dl

Spirit 15 dl

Ethyl acetate 70 dl

Water-repellent
universal adhesive

Polyvinyl acetate, medium hard 7 dl
Celluloid 3 dl
Toluol 85 dl
Carbon tetrachloride 5 dl
Benzole 5 dl
Aluminum stearate 1 dl
Paint gasoline 4 dl
The vinyl acetate and the celluloid are first dissolved in the solvents, the aluminum stearate is first allowed to swell in the gasoline and then the two solutions are mixed.

By replacing the aluminum stearate with twice the amount of copper naphthenate, an adhesive is obtained, which shipping can be used.

Glass sealant

Calcined zinc oxide stirred into a thin slurry with strong phosphoric acid.
Zinc oxide 83 dl
Burnt magnesia 10 dl
Silicic acid 7 dl
Aluminum oxide 25 dl
Stir with strong phosphoric acid.

Shellac 10 dl
Venetian turpentine 2 dl
Pumice powder 10 dl
The sealant is melted onto the hot fracture surfaces.

Gas Tube Sealant

Calcium hydrate 1 dl
Chalk 1 dl
Lead red 1 dl
Linseed oil as much as necessary.
lijmketel
Vintage glue kettle

English adhesive plaster

Isinglass 50 dl
Water 400 dl
Sugar 1 dl
Benzoin tincture 10 dl
Alcohol 10 dl
The isinglass is soaked in cold water for 24 hours, then heated on a water bath, and when most of it has dissolved, the clear liquid is poured through a sieve and the remainder treated with the other half of the water. Finally, the solution is evaporated to 300 dl on a water bath and the sugar is added. This solution is now ironed onto taffeta (silk) in a few thin layers. The first layers must be applied and dried completely cold, the last in a warm room. For 5000 cm² taf you need 50 g isinglass.

The other side is brushed with a solution of 1 dl tincture of benzoin in 1 dl alcohol.

Caoutchouc adhesive plaster

Crepe rubber 20 dl
Pure gasoline 120 dl
Dammar resin 11 dl
Colophonium 8 dl
Pure gasoline 20 dl
Zinc oxide 30 dl
Petrol 8 dl
Lanolin 30 dl
The finely chopped crepe is dissolved in the first quantity of gasoline; this takes about 3 weeks. The resins are dissolved in the following amount of gasoline. The zinc white is finely ground in the gasoline and the lanolin and finally all the ingredients are mixed. The mass is ironed on thin shirting and dried for 6 hours.

Refractory sealant

recipe no. 1.
Borax 1 dl
Zinc White 5 dl
Brown stone powder 10 dl
The powders are mixed and stirred into a thick paste with water glass. This sealant hardens slowly, but is fire resistant.
recipe no. 2.
Asbestos powder 1 dl
Chamotte flour 1 dl
Pipe soil 1 dl
Stir with boiled linseed oil to form a stiff paste.

Steam boiler sealant

recipe no. 1.
Heavy spar powder 8 dl
Marble lime hydrate 3 dl
Graphite 6 dl
Boiled linseed oil 7 dl
The heavy spar powder can be replaced by brownstone, rock flour or chamotte flour.
recipe no. 2.
Brownstone powder 20 dl
Zinc white 20 dl
Calcined kieselguhr 10 dl
Graphite 3 dl
Stir into a thin paste with water glass and use immediately. The sealant is suitable for sealing cracks in iron plates near stoves and ovens.

Sandstone sealant

Kieselguhr 2 dl
Marble lime hydrate 2 dl
Lit lead 1 dl
Mix with boiled linseed oil to form a thick paste.

Hoof sealant

Gutta-percha 70 dl
Ammonia gum resin 30 dl
Melt together and pour into moulds. Warm well before use and press well into the cracks of the hooves.
horse hoof

Metal sealant

Recipe no. 1.
Ordinary zinc oxide is wetted with 2% nitric acid and calcined, the material is finely ground and treated with a zinc chloride solution having at least a s.g. of 1.8 touched. The resulting thick paste hardens very quickly.
Recipe no. 2.
Copal lacquer 30 dl
Boiled linseed oil 10 dl
Venetian turpentine 6 dl
Turpentine oil 4 dl
Marine glue 10 dl
Marble lime hydrate 60 dl
The sealant must be applied hot.
Recipe no. 3.
Casein 8 dl
Marble lime hydrate 10 dl
Sludged quartz powder 10 dl
The mixture is stirred with water and used immediately.

Label glue for cans [1]

Manilla copal 500 dl
Colophonium 500 dl
Galipot (thick turpentine) 300 dl
Spirit 90% 1500 dl
Castor oil 4 dl
toffee-en-koekblik

The resins are mixed with the spirit. After a few days of standing everything is solved. The solution is poured through a fine sieve and only then the castor oil is added.

The labels are coated with the glue, left to dry until the glue sets and then the labels are stuck on the can. The solution should be so thick that it does not spread. With porous paper it is sometimes necessary to pre-coat the labels with starch or dextrin and let them dry.

Label glue for cans [2]

Cane sugar 20 dl
Water 40 dl
Marble lime hydrate 40 dl
Glycerin 10 dl
Wood glue 10 dl
The first three components are mixed, left to stand for a few days and the sediment is poured off. Then the rest is solved.

Beard adhesive

mastic 50 dl
Sandarac 100 dl
Colophonium, WW 250 dl
Ether 75 dl
Spirit 96% 400 dl
The solution is filtered through a fine sieve.

By taking more or less alcohol, the consistency can be varied as desired. By adding a little castor oil, the adhesive becomes more elastic, but then dries a little more slowly. The adhesive can be perfumed with eau de cologne.

After the performance, the beard can be carefully pulled off, possibly after soaking with methylated spirits or eau de cologne. The remains are washed off with alcohol. The skin should be immediately lubricated with a greasy skin cream.

Modeling wax

Beeswax 2000 dl
Venetian turpentine 270 dl
Pork fat (lard) 140 dl
Bolus 1500 dl
The wax, resin and fat are melted together and mixed into the bolus. Now it is allowed to cool and the mass is kneaded under water until it has the right plasticity.

Melt sealant

Lead red 80 dl
Anhydrous borax 80 dl
Chalk 10 dl
Broken pottery, porcelain and glass can be repaired with this sealant. The sealant must be melted in a muffle furnace or with a blowing flame in the case of small objects.
Porous crucibles can be closed by coating them with a mixture of marble lime hydrate with saturated borax solution and some litharge and then annealing.

Fly glue

Crepe rubber 2 dl
Thin lubricating oil s.g. 0,88
 til 0,89, paraffin free 25 dl
Colophonium 65 dl
Rapeseed oil 8 dl
Traces of aniseed oil, fennel oil, honey or wax aroma.

The rubber is first dissolved in the lubricating oil at 100°C; this takes about 10 to 15 hours.
In addition, the colophonium and the rapeseed oil are melted together and mixed with the rubber solution.

Liquid universal glue

Sugar 60 dl
Water 180 dl
Marble lime hydrate 15 dl
Leather glue 50 dl
The sugar is first dissolved in the water, then the lime is added; then leave for a few days. The solution is poured off the sediment and then mixed with the leather glue. When the glue has absorbed enough water, the mixture is heated until the glue has completely dissolved. If the glue is too thick, it can be diluted with more sugar-lime solution.
As this glue is alkaline, it cannot be applied everywhere.

Waterproof sealant

Coal tar 100 dl
Sulfur 12 dl
The tar is heated to boiling and the sulfur is dissolved, after which dry slaked lime is added until the mass hardens after cooling.
The sealant is suitable for water drainage pipes.

Ivory sealant

- Recipe no. 1.
Fresh annealed zinc oxide 1 dl
Concentrated
 zinc chloride solution 2 dl
The ingredients are mixed well and the resulting paste should be used immediately.
- Recipe no. 2.
Bleached shellac 2 dl
Borax 4 dl
Casein 5 dl
The shellac and the borax are dissolved warm in as little water as possible, the liquid is evaporated slightly and mixed with the casein powder cold or lukewarm. The ivory must be heated slightly beforehand. The sealant hardens quickly

Ivory filling sealant

Gelatin 2 dl
China clay 5 dl
Precipitated chalk 2 dl
Lead white or titanium white 1 dl
A trace of ocher for a yellow tint.
The gelatin is dissolved in as little water as possible and the solution is evaporated to the thickness of ordinary syrup.
This solution is then mixed with the other ingredients.

Lye resistant sealant

Crepe rubber 3 dl
Benzol 18 dl
Paraffin 3 dl
The caoutchouc is first cut into small pieces and poured over with the benzene in a tightly closing bottle. This is left to stand (shake from time to time) until the rubber has dissolved. Depending on the purpose for which the sealant is intended, part, up to half, of the benzene may or may not be allowed to evaporate, the paraffin dissolves and then so much spatter powder is added until the mass has the right consistency.

Aquarium sealant

Chalk white 85 dl
Linseed oil 15 dl
Lead red 90 dl
Linseed oil 5 dl
fish oil 3 dl
You first make the ordinary putty and the lead putty separately, then mix them and knead them well together. The correct amount of oil depends on the quality of the red lead and should be added by feel.
To ensure that this sealant does not contain traces of lead in the aquarium water releases, the joints are coated with a solution of sulfur liver, whereby harmless lead sulfide is formed. The solution should be left to dry for a few hours before filling the aquarium.

Stone sealant

- Recipe no. 1.
Slaked lime,
 lime hydrate 10 dl
Casein 5 dl
Burnt plaster 55 dl
Water 10 dl
The lime and casein are first mixed with enough water to form a thin paste and left to stand for a few minutes.
In addition, the plaster is mixed with water and then mix the two ingredients. The resulting mass hardens very quickly. It should be used immediately and is fairly waterproof.
- Recipe no. 2.
Cast 100 dl
Fluorpar powder 5 dl
Magnesite powder 5 dl
Water 95 dl
Sodium silicate 5 dl
The gypsum is mixed with the fluorspar and the magnesite, the water glass is dissolved in the water and the powder is now mixed just like normal gypsum with the diluted water glass solution. The mass becomes stone hard and is highly waterproof.
- Recipe no. 3.
Sludged chalk 20 dl
Marble lime hydrate 2 dl
Sodium silicate 5 dl
If necessary, the ingredients are mixed with a little water until a plastic, malleable mass is obtained. The mass can be used as a sealant, but also for molding small objects.

Casein wood glue

Casein 100 dl
Water 220 dl
Marble lime hydrate 25 dl
Sodium silicate 70 dl
Water 100 dl
Copper chloride 3 dl
Water 30 dl
The casein is first soaked in with the first quantity of water, then the lime is added, which is previously stirred into a thin paste with water, then the diluted glass of water and finally the dissolved copper chloride.

Cold glue

Acid casein 65 dl
Dolomite calcium hydrate 12 dl
Trisodium Phosphate 5 dl
Sodium silicate (powder) 8 dl
Gypsum powder 8 dl
Zinc silica fluoride 2 dl
This adhesive dissolves very quickly and remains liquid for a long time.

Universal sealant

Polyvinylester, hard 5 dl
Celluloid 5 dl
Spirit 10 dl
Ethyl acetate 80 dl
Iron oxide 100-200 dl
This sealant is waterproof. It becomes water-repellent by adding a few percent aluminum stearate petrol paste.

Anti-rust sealant

Polyvinyl ester, highly viscous 15 dl
Benzol 45 dl
Toluol 45 dl
Dissolve and then mix with the required amount of red lead and finely grind. By adding a few percent copper naphthenate to the mass, a good underwater sealant is obtained.

Caoutchouc sealant

Polyvinylacetaat, zacht 100 dl
Methyleenchloride 180 dl
Trichloorethyleen 10 dl
Monochloorbenzol 10 dl
This sealant becomes waterproof and water-repellent by adding 10 parts red lead and a few percent aluminum stearate paste.

Armenian cement

mastic 10 dl
Isinglass 20 dl
Gum ammoniacum 5 dl
Alcohol 96% 60 dl
Alcohol 50% 35 dl
Water 100 dl
The isinglass is dissolved in the water, then 10 dl of the diluted alcohol is added. The mastix is dissolved in the 96 percent alcohol, the ammoruacum resin in the rest of the diluted alcohol. Now the alcoholic solution is added to the isinglass and the whole is evaporated on a water bath to 175 dl.

Universal film cement

Acetone 50 dl
Methyl ethyl ketone 35 dl
Ethyl lactate 15 dl
Washed film waste ca. 10 dl
A sufficient amount of film waste is dissolved in the mixture of solvents until a sufficiently viscous solution is obtained. The amount required depends on the properties of the film material.

Film cement for non-combustible film

Methyl acetate 50 dl
Acetone 40 dl
Ethyl acetate 10 dl
Acetyl cellulose ca. 10 dl
Synthetic camphor 2 dl
 or:
Cyclohexanone 10 dl
Methyl ethyl ketone 50 dl
Dichloroethylene 40 dl
movie-celluloid-strip

Soy flour cold glue

Soybean meal (protein) 15 dl
Water 100 dl
Ammonia 26% 1 dl
Caustic soda (NaOH) 1 dl
Usually this glue is mixed with ordinary casein glue, for which one can take, for example, 20 parts of soybean glue and 80 parts of casein glue.

Radiator sealant

Flax meal 100
dl
Aluminum powder 1-2
dl

The two substances are intensively mixed dry and added to the water before use.

Grafting wax

Paraffin 20 dl
Dark wool fat 30 dl
Colophonium 40 dl
Boiled linseed oil 10 dl
 or:
Colophonium 80 dl
Light rosin oil 5 dl
Yellow petroleum jelly 15 dl

Liquid grafting wax

- Recipe no. 1.
Colophonium 60 dl
Coal tar pitch 10 dl
Linseed oil 5 dl
Thick turpentine 6 dl
Spirit 20 dl
The first 4 components are carefully melted together, the mass is then allowed to cool to about 75°C and diluted with the spirit. By adding 4 to 5 parts of beeswax to the mass, the wax becomes more viscous.
- Recipe no. 2.
Soft soap 5 dl
Sodium bicarbonate 5 dl
Hot water 13 dl
Colophonium 32 dl
Castor oil 4 dl
Beeswax 2 dl
Spirit 3 dl
The soap and baking soda are dissolved in the water, the resin is melted together with the oil and wax, and then mixed with the soap solution. Finally, the spirit is added.




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